Causes of Gynecomastia
The causes of gynecomastia* are multiple. A search for a common mechanism has not been
successful. A number of researchers believe that in many cases (but not all), an altered androgen/estrogen ratio
causes changes in cellular elements in breast tissue. This could be due to:
- decrease in production of androgen
- increase in estrogen formation
- decrease in sensitivity of breast tissue to androgens
Certain medications can promote breast growth. They interact with the natural levels of
testosterone and estrogen, and upset the balance in some manner. Gynecomastia is a common consequence of estrogen
treatment in patients with prostate cancer. Drugs that may cause gynecomastia include:
- Hormones (androgens, anabolic steroids, estrogen agonists)
- Antiandrogens or androgen-synthesis inhibitors
- Antibiotics (isoniazid, ketoconazole, metronidazole)
- Anti-ulcer medications such as cimetidine
- Cancer chemotherapeutics, especially alkylating agents
- Cardiovascular drugs, such as captopril and digitoxin
- Psychoactive agents, such as diazepam and tricyclic antidepressants
- Recreational drugs, such as alcohol and marijuana
- Penicillamine
Alcohol and drugs can cause gynecomastia by mimicking estrogen and stimulating androgen
production. Steroids and other excess androgens are sometimes converted by the body into estrogens and consequently
cause male breast problems.
To reverse breast growth, it may be possible to change medications.
Men over the age of 50 tend to produce fewer androgens such as testosterone or gain fat tissue
that converts androgen into estrogen. In 3 percent of reported cases, gynecomastia can signal lung, liver, or
adrenal cancer. Tumors can secrete estrogen, upsetting the hormonal balance.
Causes of Gynecomastia - Peptic Ulcer Therapy
Gynecomastia has been frequently associated as a side effect of cimetidine (Tagamet) and has been
less commonly associated with omeprazole (Prilosec) treatment. Another common ulcer treatment, ranitidine (Zantac),
has also been associated with gynecomastia in a single case report.
To estimate the risk of gynecomastia with various drugs used for the treatment of peptic ulcer, a
British research group studied men who received such prescriptions from their general practitioners over a
four-year period. More than 81,000 men received at least one prescription for cimetidine, misoprostol, omeprazole
or ranitidine. Men were excluded from the study who had a history of gynecomastia, testicular cancer, breast
cancer, liver disease, or androgen therapy.
During the case study, gynecomastia developed in 153 men. The majority (84 percent) of cases were
self-reported by patients, and in 43 percent of patients, gynecomastia was unilateral. In 46 percent of patients,
the condition regressed, and in an additional 18 percent, partial regression occurred.
The researchers calculated that the risk of gynecomastia was substantially increased with
cimetidine use but not with the other three drugs. The period of greatest risk was between the 7th and 12th month
of cimetidine treatment and was influenced by daily dosage. The greatest risk occurred with dosages of more than
1,000 mg daily. Patients who followed such regimens were estimated to have a 40-fold risk, compared with patients
who did not take cimetidine.
The fact that there are so many potential causes of gynecomastia makes the treatment complex.
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Causes of Gynecomastia 
Lose Chest Fat
*Source; Healthscout.com
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